Undertaking research about Angola is a challenge due to the fact that “data from and about Angola are scarce” (Jover et al. Rising unemployment caused by the economic recession that started in 2008 in fact primarily affected immigrants who had settled in Europe and the USA, as the data published by the OECD-SOPEMI show (OECD 2012). We are therefore mostly dealing with individuals whose migration has been facilitated by their company’s interests, and whose employer has been their main source of help.
The profile of contemporary Portuguese emigration to Angola, situated in a global context, is one of a North-South movement taking place in a post-colonial setting, contrary to the more common South-North or even South-South flows. It is also worth pointing out that, with commercial relations cemented between Angolan and Portuguese businesses, it has become a common practice for Portuguese companies – particularly the larger ones – to open branches in Angola in such sectors as banking, the construction industry and telecommunications.
2012, 16–17). (2001). The earlier wave was also predominantly male and viewed Angola as a hostile, risk-filled country where one would go alone with the individual goal of “earning a living” and, from a macroeconomic point of view, of “contributing to the progress” of the “African Province” within the framework of the colonising power’s interests. Age pyramid, Portuguese nationals in Angola (%).Source: Survey of Portuguese Nationals Abroad – REMIGR Project, Source: Survey of Portuguese Nationals Abroad –REMIGR Project. A nova emigração para Angola: integração diferenciada e forte ligação a Portugal. Economic growth remained high until 2008, mainly due to the increase in oil production3, which benefitted from high transaction prices on the international market. To begin with, the Lusophone migratory system only consisted of Portugal and Brazil, but after the 1974 Revolution in Portugal it extended to the former colonies (Baganha 2009). Its aforementioned economic growth – which mainly took place during the second half of this century’s first decade – attracted Portuguese investment. Such results are to be expected if we recall that higher-status socio-economic groups depend more on the social networks established with their work colleagues and organisations (companies) than they do on family networks, which predominate among the less qualified workers (Meyer 2001). Accordingly, the recruitment of Portuguese staff occurred along two fronts: by Portuguese companies, which transferred both highly qualified professionals as well as less skilled workers to Angola, and by Angolan firms, which selected Portuguese nationals to occupy top positions (Åkesson 2016). Distribution of the sample according to province and version, Source: Survey of Portuguese Nationals Abroad – REMIGR Project. 289-304. However, this technique is not without limitations, the most significant being the over-representation of highly qualified emigrants. At an individual level, the former colony’s status explains the transnational ties left over from colonial days. Despite these findings, it is vital to understand whether the North-South economic migrations that have grown during the last few years are more than just a process of cyclical response and whether they will assume a more structural and permanent nature. In testing the hypothesis of the existence of a latent network, we expected to see a higher proportion of respondents choosing the category “Friends/family residing there for many years”. The total resident Portuguese population in Angola (Table. Faist, T. (2000). Evidence of this process includes: a high mean GDP growth rate (higher than the mean world rate); a fall in the levels of absolute poverty; a notable increase in foreign investment; an integration in the ICT value chain, for instance due to coltan production; a greater involvement in world trade, albeit largely based on raw materials, and a reorientation of economic relations to Asian markets (Jerven 2010; Carmody 2010; Africa in Progress Report 2013).
L'Empire colonial portugais (en portugais : Império Colonial Português) désigne les territoires d'outre-mer occupés et administrés par le Portugal entre le début du XV e siècle et le XX e siècle.
Second, our aim is to trace the profile of Portuguese emigrants in Angola, considering the following factors: socio-demographics, migration strategies, reasons given for leaving Portugal, existence of former migration experiences, and the time spent looking for a job after arriving in the destination country. This chapter is based on the research project “Back to the future: new emigration and links to Portuguese society” (Regresso ao futuro: a nova emigração e a relação com a sociedade portuguesa – REMIGR), funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Foundation for Science and Technology, FCT) (PTDC/ATP-DEM/5152/2012). A. Bbasio, Monumenta Missionária Afričana, Lisbonne, 1952-1965, désormais indiqués par le sigle « M.M.A. The arrival of highly qualified professionals started to increase from 2004 to 2005, gaining impetus from 2008 when the economic and financial recession hit Portugal. Emigração Portuguesa em Angola. Most of the respondents declared that this was the first time they had emigrated (77%). Lopes, C. (2002). DOI : https://doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1969.422054, www.persee.fr/doc/ahess_0395-2649_1969_num_24_2_422054. (2010). 2015) indicates that the population is mostly adult, male and with higher-education qualifications. The concept was coined by Peixoto (2004) in order to classify migration to Portugal from Brazil and the Portuguese-speaking African countries (Países Africanos da Língua Oficial Portuguesa – PALOP) and later elaborated upon by Malheiros (2005). Considered the “jewel in the crown” during the final stage of Portuguese colonialism, it was the last colony to attain its independence (November 1975). which had been destroyed. A visa lasts 30 days and is renewable for equal periods up to a maximum of three months. De Mello was so successful that, from 1950, Goans regained their status and were treated in equal terms like other Portuguese citizens from the metropolis.[1]. Similar studies have demonstrated that in the case of Latvia, for example, recent emigration can be explained by macroeconomic factors such as a fall in exports and foreign investment, but also by a decrease in public spending and a drop in domestic consumption (Apsite et al. Voir à ce sujet les limites de la colonie de l'Angola, indiquées par le gouverneur dans son rapport pour l'année 1861 (cf. These two kinds of movement are connected: some of the migrants wanting to go to Africa may be African born people – who may even have changed their nationality – returning to their original birthplace, or eventually their descendants. Uma análise a partir da imigração e emigração portuguesa. Financial remittances are commonly used as an indicator of transnational relations (Vertovec 2002). Whatever the precise number is, the increase in the presence of Portuguese nationals in Angola and the formation of a sizeable Luso community during the last few years cannot be doubted. Remittances – A bridge between migration and development? The exception lay in some solidarity workers or “cooperantes” settling in the country for fixed periods determined by their labour agreements (Pereira 1991). Marques, J. C., & Góis, P. (2012). Surviving images: Holocaust photographs and the work of postmemory. Of these, 349 (60%) were in hard copy.